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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">moitvivt</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование, оптимизация и информационные технологии</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Modeling, Optimization and Information Technology</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2310-6018</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Издательство</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26102/2310-6018/2024.45.2.004</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="custom" custom-type="elpub">1522</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Триггеры двигательной активности, измеряемые с помощью функциональной спектроскопии в околоинфракрасном диапазоне (fNIRS): обзор</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Triggers of motor activity measurable by near-infrared functional spectroscopy (fNIRS): a review</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Самандари</surname>
              <given-names>Али Мирдан</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Samandari</surname>
              <given-names>Ali Mirdan</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>aliofphysics777ali@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff">aff-1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Афонин</surname>
              <given-names>Андрей Николаевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Afonin</surname>
              <given-names>Andrey Nikolaevich</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>aannru@yandex.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff">aff-2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
        <aff xml:lang="ru">Белгородский государственный университет</aff>
        <aff xml:lang="en">Belgorod State National Research University</aff>
      </aff-alternatives>
      <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
        <aff xml:lang="ru">Белгородский государственный университет</aff>
        <aff xml:lang="en">Belgorod State National Research University</aff>
      </aff-alternatives>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>10.26102/2310-6018/2024.45.2.004</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © Авторы, 2026</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://moitvivt.ru/ru/journal/article?id=1522"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Научные исследования разошлись в интерпретации активности первичной моторной коры головного мозга. Различные исследования показали, что первичная моторная кора активируется только во время физических двигательных задач. В то время как другие исследования показали, что аналогичную измеримую активность можно наблюдать и записывать, когда моторная кора возбуждается или стимулируется во время мысленного представления движения. Таким образом, целью данного обзора было сравнение триггеров активации моторной коры во время физического выполнения и мысленного представления движения путем регистрации сигналов мозга, возникающих в результате стимуляции, с использованием метода функциональной спектроскопии ближнего инфракрасного диапазона на основе нейронного интерфейса (интерфейс мозг-компьютер). Данное исследование выявляет характерные черты и сравнения на основе различных подходов к анализу и систематической реализации целевых триггеров активации моторной коры во время обучения на нейронном интерфейсе (fNIRS). Основываясь на вышеизложенном, в заключение данного обзора подчеркивается, что триггеры активации коры головного мозга в целом и под разными названиями вызывают активность, которая может быть зарегистрирована путем измерения различных изменений, происходящих в концентрации гемоглобина. Иными словами, как выполнение физических задач, так и сходные ментальные представления движения вызывают ощутимую активность в моторной коре. Это предоставляет обоснование для протезирования, реабилитации и других применений. Кроме того, это стимулирует будущие исследования по выявлению положительных триггеров активации коры для изучения психологических состояний когнитивных функций и определенных патологических состояний, а также нейрофизиологических исследований.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Scientific studies have differed on the interpretation of activity in the primary motor cortex of the brain. Various studies have found that the primary motor cortex is activated only during physical motor tasks. Whereas other studies have appeared that a similar measurable activity can be observed and recorded when arousing or stimulating the motor cortex when performing a mental representation of movement. Consequently, our purpose of this review was to compare the triggers of motor cortex activation during the physical execution and mental representation of the movement by recording the brain signals resulting from the stimulation by using the technique of near-infrared functional spectroscopy based on the neural interface (brain-computer interface). This research reveals differences and comparisons based on various approaches to analyze and systematically realize target triggers of motor cortex activation during training at  neural interface (fNIRS). Based on the above, this review concludes by emphasising the fact that triggers of cortical activation in general and under different names cause activity that can be recorded by measuring the various changes that occur in hamoglobin concentration, in other words, that both physical task performance and similar mental representations of movement cause perceptible activity in the motor cortex. This provides the rationale for prosthetic, rehabilitation and other applications. Furthermore, this encourages future research to identify positive triggers for cortical activation to study psychological states of cognitive function and certain pathological conditions, as well as neurophysiological studies.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>функциональная спектроскопия ближнего инфракрасного диапазона</kwd>
        <kwd>триггеры</kwd>
        <kwd>моторная кора</kwd>
        <kwd>интерфейс мозг-компьютер</kwd>
        <kwd>физическое движение</kwd>
        <kwd>мысленное представление движения</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>near-infrared functional spectroscopy</kwd>
        <kwd>triggers</kwd>
        <kwd>motor cortex</kwd>
        <kwd>brain-computer interface</kwd>
        <kwd>physical movement</kwd>
        <kwd>mental representation of movement</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="conflict">
        <p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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</article>