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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="ru" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://metafora.rcsi.science/xsd_files/journal3.xsd">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">moitvivt</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование, оптимизация и информационные технологии</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Modeling, Optimization and Information Technology</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2310-6018</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Издательство</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26102/2310-6018/2024.44.1.032</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="custom" custom-type="elpub">1468</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Разработка гибридной атмосферно-подводной оптической системы связи</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Development of hybrid atmospheric-underwater optical communication system</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7602-0209</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Али</surname>
              <given-names>Мохаммад Фуркан</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Ali</surname>
              <given-names>Mohammad Furqan</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>ali89@tpu.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff">aff-1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1716-4581</contrib-id>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Саклаков</surname>
              <given-names>Василий Михайлович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Saklakov</surname>
              <given-names>Vasily Mikhailovich</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>saklavas@tpu.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff">aff-2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
        <aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет</aff>
        <aff xml:lang="en">Tomsk Polytechnic University</aff>
      </aff-alternatives>
      <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
        <aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет</aff>
        <aff xml:lang="en">Tomsk Polytechnic University</aff>
      </aff-alternatives>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>10.26102/2310-6018/2024.44.1.032</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © Авторы, 2026</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://moitvivt.ru/ru/journal/article?id=1468"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Подводные оптические беспроводные коммуникации являются перспективными беспроводными носителями данных для обеспечения подводной деятельности, ориентированной на использование беспроводных систем 5G и выше (5GB). Основными проблемами для развертывания подводных приложений являются физико-химические свойства и сильная турбулентность в канале трансляции. В связи с этим в настоящей работе проводится анализ сквозной производительности гибридной системы атмосферного канала связи (FSO) и подводной беспроводной связи в видимом свете (UVLC) при модуляции интенсивности или прямого обнаружения (IM/DD) в методе с учетом схемы амплитудно-импульсной модуляции (PAM). В ходе данного исследования для решения проблем, связанных с условиями канала с умеренной и сильной турбулентностью используется модель замираний с распределением Гамма-Гамма (GG), а линии связи проектируются путем объединения моделирования плоских волн в соответствующие звенья. Предлагаемые методы работы обеспечивают более высокую достижимую скорость передачи данных с минимальной задержкой отклика, а также улучшает сетевую связь в сценариях мониторинга в реальном времени по сравнению с традиционными технологиями подводной беспроводной связи. Результаты моделирования позволяют достоверно оценить такие показатели производительности системы, как среднее значение частоты битовых ошибок (ABER) и вероятность сбоя (Pout) при наличии ошибок наведения. Наконец, в данной работе используется подход Монте-Карло для наилучшей подгонки кривых и подтверждается численное выражение результатами моделирования.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Underwater optical wireless communications are promising and future-oriented wireless carriers to support underwater activities focused on 5G and beyond (5GB) wireless systems. The main challenges for the deployment of underwater applications are the physicochemical properties and strong turbulence in the transmission channel. Therefore, this paper analyzes the end-to-end performance of a hybrid free space optics (FSO) and underwater wireless visible light communication (UVLC) system under intensity modulation or direct detection (IM/DD) in a method considering a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) scheme. In this study, a fading model with Gamma-Gamma (GG) distribution is used to deal with channel conditions with moderate and strong turbulence, and the links are designed by combining plane wave modeling in the corresponding links, respectively. The proposed performance methods excel in higher achievable data rates with minimal delay response and improves network connectivity in real-time monitoring scenarios compared to conventional underwater wireless communication techniques. The simulation results provide reliable estimates of system performance metrics such as average bit error rate (ABER) and probability of failure (Pout) in the presence of pointing errors. Finally, this paper uses a Monte Carlo approach for best curve fitting and validate the numerical expression with simulation results.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>Сети 5G и 5GB</kwd>
        <kwd>кооперативная связь</kwd>
        <kwd>оптическая связь</kwd>
        <kwd>подводная связь</kwd>
        <kwd>подводные сенсорные сети (USNs)</kwd>
        <kwd>световая связь VLC</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>5G and 5GB networks</kwd>
        <kwd>cooperative communication</kwd>
        <kwd>optical communication</kwd>
        <kwd>underwater communication</kwd>
        <kwd>underwater sensor networks (USNs)</kwd>
        <kwd>VLC light communication</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Программы повышения конкурентоспособности Национального исследовательского Томского политехнического университета, Россия.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was funded as part of the Competitiveness Enhancement Program of National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="conflict">
        <p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
</article>