Вiomechanical study of the condition of the hip joint structures in children with various degrees of hip joint dysplasia

Hip dysplasia leads to a deterioration in the patient's physical condition due to the disruption of biomechanics in the affected joint and the musculoskeletal system as a whole, and is also one of the leading causes of coxarthrosis. There are various methods for correcting hip dysplasia, and the direction and degree of multi-plane correction have a significant impact on the outcome of surgery. The relevance of this study lies in the need to develop a biomechanical approach for assessing the condition of the hip joint, which will help identify the key factors for stability during surgical correction, thereby reducing the occurrence of hypo- and hypercorrection in clinical practice. The leading approach to studying this problem is to determine the actual stresses in the hip joint and identify the areas of under- and over-stress, which will influence the subsequent selection of screw configurations to achieve maximum stability. Based on the conducted research, a method was developed for selecting the optimal amount of correction of the acetabulum position during its reorientation during surgical operation. The method includes an algorithm for constructing computer models of the patient's hip joint based on computed tomography and analyzing the stress-strain state in the hip joint, depending on the congruence of the acetabulum and the femoral head, as well as depending on the configuration of the screws after surgical correction. The results of the study of hip joint models allow us to analyze the nature of changes in the stresses acting in the hip joint and to calculate the change in the contact area under different configurations of the installation of osteotomy screws. The materials of the article are of practical value for surgeons, as well as for specialists in the field of biomechanics.

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