Experimental analysis of the stability of unmanned aerial vehicles multi-system GNSS receivers to deliberate radio frequency impacts

In most modern unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are used as the main means of determining spatial position. However, civilian navigation signals have low energy security and are vulnerable to deliberate radio frequency influences at the physical level, such as signal suppression and substitution, which can lead to loss of navigation solutions or the formation of false coordinates. The purpose of this work is an experimental analysis of the stability of UAV navigation receivers to deliberate radio frequency influences and an assessment of the influence of interfering signal parameters on the reliability of receiving GNSS navigation information. As part of the study, the frequency and signal characteristics of GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou systems were analyzed, as well as experimental measurements of the signal-to-noise ratio C/N₀ when exposed to barrage interference of various power and geometry of the interference source location. Additionally, the effect of shielding the navigation receiver was investigated and an asynchronous attack using software-defined radio devices was implemented. As a result, it was found that a decrease in C/N₀ below 25–28 dB·Hz leads to a loss of stable navigation reception, regardless of the navigation system used. It is shown that low-power sources of interference can disrupt the navigation support of UAVs at distances up to several hundred meters, and the shielding of the receiver reduces the effectiveness of interference, but does not provide complete protection.

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