Analysis of the current state and specificities of satellite communication usage in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation

This paper examines the availability of satellite communications in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. It provides information on existing satellite communications systems, the number of which is currently limited due to sanctions and the geographic features of the region. After analyzing the actually available satellite communications systems, it is noted that satellite communications systems using the geostationary orbit (GEO) are currently the only option for providing data transmission services. An analysis of the problems typical of using the geostationary orbit in high-latitude conditions is given; an overview of Russian geostationary satellites and the conditions of their use in the Arctic is made, taking into account the coverage areas of the beams and frequency ranges. The result of calculating the geometric relationships when organizing communications between a satellite in GEO and earth stations in the Arctic region is given. For further study of the quality of communication in the northernmost parts of the region, the range of slant range and elevation angle values typical for the waters of the Northern Sea Route is calculated. The results of calculations of the required distance of the earth station from ground objects are presented, allowing for rational placement of the earth station both from the point of view of ensuring direct visibility of the satellite and the required elevation angle, and for reducing the noise temperature of the receiver.

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